Thank you for taking the time to fill out this survey.  It is an extensive survey and may take 30 - 45 minutes to complete.  However,  the survey is  important and your time and effort are very much appreciated. 

The purpose of the survey is to get an accurate “snapshot” of the cold climate winegrape industry in Vermont and the region. It is important to document the size of the industry now so that changes can be tracked over time. The survey is also important to document the pest management practices currently being used in vineyards and to determine areas to focus IPM educational efforts. The survey is being funded, in part, by an EPA Pesticide Environmental Stewardship grant that we received which has as a goal to increase adoption of ecologically-based IPM and reduce pesticide risks in cold climate winegrape production. In addition to tracking the expansion of the industry, it is also important to document current pest management practices to determine if they change over time.  All of this information is critical to obtaining future grants and other support for the industry from private, state, and federal sources. 

Please answer the questions as best as you can.   There are no “correct” answers.   Again, we want to get an accurate “snapshot” of the industry and current pest management practices.

All responses from individual surveys will be confidential; your responses will be aggregated with others to determine ranges and averages for each question.

If you do not live in Vermont, but receive information from the Vermont Cold Climate Grape IPM program, it is important that you also participate in the survey. 

Please make sure to fill in the box indicating the STATE  in which your vineyard/winery is located.  If you are uncomfortable filling in the TOWN, just leave the space blank. 

Again, thank you for taking the time to complete this survey! -- Lorraine P. Berkett


2009 Vermont Cold Climate Grape Survey

Description of Your Vineyard

1. Location --> Town: State:

2. Year when vineyard was first planted:

3. Total acres planted to winegrapes currently:

4. Additional acres you estimate you will plant to winegrapes over the next 5 years:

5. Please check all winegrape varieties currently planted and the approximate number of vines of each:

  Arctic Reisling # vines:
  Baco Noir # vines:
  Bianca # vines:
  Cayuga White # vines:
  Corot Noir # vines:
  Frontenac # vines:
  Frontenac Gris # vines:
  LaCrescent # vines:
  LaCrosse # vines:
  Leon Millot # vines:
  Louise Swenson # vines:
  Marechal Foch # vines:
  Marquette # vines:
  Prairie Star # vines:
  Reisling # vines:
  Sabrevois # vines:
  Seyval # vines:
  St. Croix # vines:
  St. Pepin # vines:
  Swenson Red # vines:
  Swenson White # vines:
  Traminette # vines:
  Vidal Blanc # vines:
  Vignoles # vines:
  Zweigelt # vines:
  Other: # vines:
  Other: # vines:
  Other: # vines:
  Other: # vines:

6. Please enter additional winegrape varieties you estimate planting over the next 5 years and the approximate number of vines of each:

  Variety: # vines:
  Variety: # vines:
  Variety: # vines:
  Variety: # vines:
  Variety: # vines:

7. Before growing grapes, did you grow any other agricultural crop commercially?

Yes -- If yes, please state the crop(s) grown:
No -- If no, please state your previous occupation:


8. Are you producing grape wine for sale?

Yes
No

9. Do you have a winery where you produce your wine?

Yes -- If yes, is it open to the public for wine sales? Yes No
No -- If no, do you plan to have a winery over the next 5 years? Yes No

10. Total volume (gallons) of grape wine produced in 2008: gallons

11. Percentage of wine volume produced in 2008 from grapes grown at your vineyard: %

-- If not 100%, please enter state(s) from which the other grapes came and the percentage of your total volume of wine produced from each state:

  State: %
  State: %
  State: %
  State: %
  State: %

12. Total volume (gallons) of grape wine you expect to produce in 2009: gallons

13. Percentage of wine volume you expect to produce in 2009 from grapes grown at your vineyard: %

14. Total volume (gallons) of grape wine you expect to produce in 2014 (five years from now): gallons

 


Pest Management Practices and Materials


Integrated Pest Management (IPM) can be defined as a sustainable approach to managing pests (e.g., insects, pathogens causing disease, weeds, etc.) which combines biological, cultural, physical, and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks.



15. Do you practice IPM in your vineyard (including organic IPM which would use organically-acceptable tools and practices)?

Yes
No
Unsure

-- If yes, where would you put your vineyard on the IPM continuum in terms of intensity and/or level of IPM implementation

 
Beginning
     
Advanced
 
1
2
3
4
5
 

16. Do you regularly monitor your vineyard for insect pests and disease levels during the growing season?

Yes
No
Unsure

-- If yes, how often during the growing season do you monitor your vineyard?

More than once a week
Once a week
Once every two weeks
Once every three weeks
Once a month
Less than once a month

17. Do you use established, published methods for monitoring and for determining threshold levels of pests?

Always -- If so, for what pests?
Sometimes -- If so, for what pests?
Never
Unsure

18. Do you keep records of all monitoring information, sampling dates, insect pest or disease levels, trap captures, and thresholds for your vineyard?

Always
Sometimes
Never
Unsure

19. Do you keep records of location and identity of difficult to manage weeds as well as weed species that have ‘escaped’ annual weed management programs?

Always
Sometimes
Never
Unsure


20. How would you rate your overall knowledge of the disease cycles of the major grape DISEASES, the optimal time(s) to manage each disease, and the pro’s and con’s of various management options?

Excellent
Good
Average
Minimal
Very Poor

21. How important is it to you to learn more about the major grape diseases, the optimal time(s) to manage them, and the various management options?

Highly Important
Moderately Important
Slightly Important
Not at all Important
Unsure

22. How would you rate your overall knowledge of the insect life cycles of the major grape INSECT pests, the optimal time(s) to manage each pest, and the pro’s and con’s of various management options?

Excellent
Good
Average
Minimal
Very Poor

23. How important is it to you to learn more about the major grape insect pests, the optimal time(s) to manage them, and the various management options?

Highly Important
Moderately Important
Slightly Important
Not at all Important
Unsure

24. How would you rate your overall knowledge of the WEEDS that impact grape production, the optimal time to manage the various weeds, and the pro’s and con’s of various management options?

Excellent
Good
Average
Minimal
Very Poor

25. How important is it to you to learn more about weeds , the optimal time(s) to manage them, and the various management options?

Highly Important
Moderately Important
Slightly Important
Not at all Important
Unsure

26. How would you rate your overall knowledge of BENEFICIAL ORGANISMS and the potential for BIOLOGICAL CONTROL in your vineyard?

Excellent
Good
Average
Minimal
Very Poor

27. How important is it to you to learn more about beneficial organisms and the potential for biological control?

Highly Important
Moderately Important
Slightly Important
Not at all Important
Unsure


28. How would you rate your overall knowledge of RESISTANCE management strategies/options for insecticides, miticides, fungicides and herbicides?

Excellent
Good
Average
Minimal
Very Poor

29. How important is it to you to learn more about ways to mitigate the development of resistance to different insecticides, miticides, fungicides and herbicides?

Highly Important
Moderately Important
Slightly Important
Not at all Important
Unsure

30. Do you know which grape pesticides are considered REDUCED-RISK PESTICIDES?

Yes
No
Unsure

-- If yes, please list those you have used OR have considered using

31. How important is it to you to learn more about reduced-risk pesticides?

Highly Important
Moderately Important
Slightly Important
Not at all Important
Unsure

32. Do you know which grape pesticides are considered BIOPESTICIDES?

Yes
No
Unsure

-- If yes, please list those you have used OR have considered using

33. How important is it to you to learn more about biopesticides?

Highly Important
Moderately Important
Slightly Important
Not at all Important
Unsure

34. Do you know which pesticides are ORGANICALLY-APPROVED according to National Organic Standards?

Yes
No
Unsure

35. Are you producing grapes using organically-approved practices and materials?

Yes
No
Unsure

-- If yes, are you

Certified organic
Transitioning to certified organic grape production
Neither

36. How important is it to you to learn more about organically-approved practices and pesticides?

Highly Important
Moderately Important
Slightly Important
Not at all Important
Unsure

37. Do you consider the following when selecting a pesticide (e.g., insecticide, fungicide, herbicide)?

   
Always
Sometimes
Never
Unsure
  Spectrum of activity
  Non-target impact on beneficial organisms
  Mode of action of pesticide
  Chemical family of pesticide
  Toxicity to pesticide applicator
  Signal word on label
  Cost of pesticide
  Resistance risk rating
  Whether it is a reduced-risk pesticide
  Whether it is a biopesticide
  Whether it is an organically-approved pesticide
  Potential movement in soil/water
  Re-entry interval
  Days to harvest interval (Preharvest interval)
  Other:
  Other:

38.When you apply an INSECTICIDE to your vineyard do you usually treat the whole vineyard or do you only spot treat sections that may have a problem?

Always spray whole vineyard
Frequently will only spray part of vineyard that has a problem
Sometimes will only spray part of vineyard that has a problem

39. When you apply a FUNGICIDE to your vineyard do you usually treat the whole vineyard or do you only spot treat sections that have varieties susceptible to particular disease or that may have a problem?

Always spray whole vineyard
Frequently will only spray part of vineyard that has a problem
Sometimes will only spray part of vineyard that has a problem

40. When you apply a HERBICIDE to your vineyard do you usually treat the whole vineyard (i.e., all vine rows) or do you only spot treat sections that may have a problem?

Always spray whole vineyard (all vine rows)
Frequently will only spray part of vineyard that has a problem
Sometimes will only spray part of vineyard that has a problem

41. Do you calibrate your sprayer to determine gallons being applied per acre and coverage?

Yes
No

-- If yes, how often during the growing season do you calibrate your sprayer?

Once
Twice
More than two times

42. Do you use water-sensitive paper to determine spray deposit and canopy spray coverage?

Yes
No
Unsure

43. How would you rate your overall knowledge of pesticide drift-reducing practices and equipment?

Excellent
Good
Average
Minimal
Very Poor

44. How important is it to you to learn more about practices and equipment that reduce pesticide spray drift?

Highly Important
Moderately Important
Slightly Important
Not at all Important
Unsure

45. Please check the pesticide drift management methods that you use:

  Vineyard is oriented to avoid sensitive areas
  Use nozzles that optimize droplet size and do not create too many fine droplets
  Reduce pump pressure
  Adjust air fan speed and direction
  Use shielded sprayer
  Use re-circulating spray booms
  Focus nozzles on target canopy
  Calibrate spray volume output
  Calibrate spray location output
  Spray into exterior rows
  Spray only when wind speed and direction are suitable
    Other:
    Other:

46. Please check the worker protection standards that apply to you and your vineyard:

  Maintain current state applicator license
  Train employees annually with EPA-approved materials
  Record all pesticide applications
  Post application information in central location
  Post restricted entry intervals in the vineyard or other central location
    Other:
    Other:

47. How would you rate your overall knowledge on the safe use and storage of pesticides?

Excellent
Good
Average
Minimal
Very Poor

48. How important is it to you to learn more about the safe use and storage of pesticides?

Highly Important
Moderately Important
Slightly Important
Not at all Important
Unsure

49. Do you maintain records of pesticide applications, including date, field and/or vineyard section, target pest, crop stage, pesticide name and EPA number, formulation, rate and number of acres treated?

Always
Sometimes
Never
Unsure

50. Do you or a member of your vineyard operation have a pesticide applicator's license?

Yes
No
Unsure


51. Which of the following INSECTS/MITES have been a problem in your vineyard requiring the use of a pesticide to manage them?

   
Yes
No
Unsure
  Banded grape bug
  Climbing cutworms
  European corn borer
  European red mites
  Flea beetle
  Grape berry moth
  Grape cane borer
  Grape cane gallmakers
  Grape cane girdlers
  Grape leafhopper
  Grape phylloxera
  Grape plume moth
  Grape root borers
  Grape rootworm
  Japanese beetles
  Lygocoris inconspicuous
  Multicolored Asian lady beetle
  Potato leafhoppers
  Red-banded leaf roller
  Rose chafer
  Thrips
  Two-spotted spider mites
  Other:
  Other:

52. Which INSECTICIDES/MITICIDES have you used in your vineyard and, on average, how many times did you apply each during a growing season?

  ABBA # of applications per season:
  Acramite # of applications per season:
  Agrimek # of applications per season:
  Assail # of applications per season:
  Avaunt # of applications per season:
  Biobit # of applications per season:
  Capture # of applications per season:
  Danitol # of applications per season:
  Diazinon # of applications per season:
  Dipel # of applications per season:
  Entrust # of applications per season:
  Evergreen # of applications per season:
  Imidan # of applications per season:
  Intrepid # of applications per season:
  JMS Stylet oil # of applications per season:
  Kelthane # of applications per season:
  Lannate # of applications per season:
  M-Pede # of applications per season:
  Provado # of applications per season:
  Sevin # of applications per season:
  Success # of applications per season:
  Thionex # of applications per season:
  Vendex # of applications per season:
  Venom # of applications per season:
  Zeal Miticide 1 # of applications per season:
  Other: # of applications per season:
  Other: # of applications per season:

53. Have you used any non-pesticide methods/techniques to manage any insects/mites?

  Insect/Mite: Method/technique:
  Insect/Mite: Method/technique:
  Insect/Mite: Method/technique:
  Insect/Mite: Method/technique:
  Insect/Mite: Method/technique:

54. Which of the following DISEASES have been a problem in your vineyard requiring the use of a pesticide to manage them?

   
Yes
No
Unsure
  Angular leaf scorch
  Anthracnose
  Black rot
  Botrytis bunch rot
  Crown gall
  Downy mildew
  Eutypa dieback
  Phomopsis cane and leaf spot
  Powdery mildew
  Sour rot
  Summer rots (bitter rot & ripe rot)
  Other:
  Other:

55. Which FUNGICIDES have you used in your vineyard and, on average, how many times did you apply each during a growing season?

  Abound
# of applications per season:
  Adament
# of applications per season:
  Armicarb
# of applications per season:
  Armicarb 100
# of applications per season:
  Captan
# of applications per season:
  Captec
# of applications per season:
  Copper
# of applications per season:
  Dithane
# of applications per season:
  Elevate
# of applications per season:
  Elite
# of applications per season:
  Endura # of applications per season:
  Ferbam Granuflo # of applications per season:
  Flint # of applications per season:
  JMS Stylet oil # of applications per season:
  Kaligreen # of applications per season:
  Lime sulfur # of applications per season:
  Manzate # of applications per season:
  Nova (Rally) # of applications per season:
  Nutrol # of applications per season:
  Orius # of applications per season:
  Penncozeb # of applications per season:
  Phosphorous acid # of applications per season:
  Pristine # of applications per season:
  Procure # of applications per season:
  Quintec # of applications per season:
  Ridomil # of applications per season:
  Rovral # of applications per season:
  Rubigan # of applications per season:
  Scala # of applications per season:
  Sovran # of applications per season:
  Sulfur # of applications per season:
  Topsin-M # of applications per season:
  Vanguard # of applications per season:
  Vintage # of applications per season:
  Other: # of applications per season:
  Other: # of applications per season:

56. Have you used any non-pesticide methods/techniques to manage any diseases?

  Diseases: Method/technique:
  Diseases: Method/technique:
  Diseases: Method/technique:
  Diseases: Method/technique:
  Diseases: Method/technique:

57. Which of the following WEED TYPES have been a problem in your vineyard requiring the use of a pesticide to manage them?

   
Yes
No
Unsure
  Annual Broadleaf
  Annual Grasses
  Perennial Weeds

58. Have any particular WEEDS (e.g., pigweed, crabgrass, thistle, etc.) been a problem in your vineyard requiring the use of a pesticide to manage them?

  Weed:
  Weed:
  Weed:
  Weed:
  Weed:

59. Which HERBICIDES have you used in your vineyard and, on average, how many times did you apply each during a growing season?

  Aim
# of applications per season:
  Bio-Weed
# of applications per season:
  Casoron
# of applications per season:
  Chateau
# of applications per season:
  Devrinol
# of applications per season:
  Direx # of applications per season:
  Fusilade # of applications per season:
  Gallery # of applications per season:
  Goal # of applications per season:
  Gramoxone # of applications per season:
  Karmex # of applications per season:
  Kerb # of applications per season:
  Oxiflo # of applications per season:
  Poast # of applications per season:
  Princep # of applications per season:
  Prowl H2O # of applications per season:
  Rely # of applications per season:
  Roundup # of applications per season:
  Scythe # of applications per season:
  Select # of applications per season:
  Snapshot # of applications per season:
  Solicam # of applications per season:
  Surflan # of applications per season:
  Touchdown # of applications per season:
  Treflan # of applications per season:
  Weedzstop # of applications per season:
  Other: # of applications per season:
  Other: # of applications per season:

60. Have you used any non-pesticide methods/techniques to manage any of the weeds?

  Weed: Method/technique:
  Weed: Method/technique:
  Weed: Method/technique:
  Weed: Method/technique:
  Weed: Method/technique:

61. Which of the following VERTEBRATES have been a problem in your vineyard?

  Turkeys
  Starlings
  Other Birds
  Deer
  Raccoons
  Voles/Mice
  Other:
  Other:

62. Have you used any non-pesticide methods/techniques to manage any of the vertebrates?

  Vertebrate: Method/technique:
  Vertebrate: Method/technique:
  Vertebrate: Method/technique:
  Vertebrate: Method/technique:
  Vertebrate: Method/technique:

 


Please submit your evaluation and input -->

Thank you very much for taking the time to fill out this survey!!