Propagation Methods for Herbaceous Perennials--H
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I, J, K | L | M | N, O | P | R | S | T | U,V,W, X,Y,Z
The following table contains temperate and sub-tropical (to USDA zone 9) herbaceous genera and species. Some may be quite rare and only found on a continent or country such as Australia or South Africa. Due to variations in references, some may contain more than one comment or time period for a method.
| Methods of Propagation: | |
| S = seed | LC = leaf cutting |
| SC = stem cutting | L = layering |
| RC = root cutting | TC = tissue culture or micropropagation |
| D = division |
This table is an updated and expanded version of the printed version which can be found in the NRAES book by Dr. Leonard Perry, Herbaceous Perennial Production. Appreciation is expressed to Andrea Luchini, graduate assistant, for most of this update.
|
Scientific
Name |
Common Name |
Methods of
Propagation |
Time Period |
Comments/Requirements |
|
Habenaria
sp. |
Fringed
Orchids |
D, S |
|
|
|
Haberlea
sp. |
|
S |
|
as
Ramonda |
|
|
|
D |
|
|
|
|
|
LC |
|
|
|
Hacquetia
epipactis |
|
S |
|
fresh
seed |
|
|
|
D |
early spring |
use
care |
|
|
|
RC |
|
|
|
Hakonechloa
macra |
|
TC |
|
|
|
|
|
D |
|
|
|
Halacsya
sendtneri |
|
S |
|
|
|
|
|
SC |
summer |
needs
ophite stone |
|
Haplocarpha
sp. |
|
S |
early spring |
|
|
|
|
SC |
summer |
heel |
|
Haplopappus
sp. |
|
S, D |
|
|
|
|
|
SC |
|
semi-ripe,
sandy mix |
|
Haplophyllum
patavinum |
|
S |
|
self
sows |
|
|
|
D |
|
|
|
Harpalium:
see Helianthus |
|
|
|
|
|
Hebe
sp. |
|
SC |
late summer |
heel,
semi-ripe |
|
|
|
S |
|
seedlings
variable, 3-4 years to flower |
|
Hedera |
|
SC |
|
|
|
Hedyotis:
see Houstonia |
|
|
|
|
|
Hedysarum
sp. |
French
Honeysuckle |
S |
spring |
sow
ripe seed |
|
|
|
L |
|
|
|
|
|
D |
spring |
established
plants, use care |
|
Helenium
sp. |
Helen's
Flower/Sneezeweed |
S |
|
|
|
|
|
SC |
spring, early summer |
basal,
soft growth best |
|
|
|
D |
spring |
|
|
Heleocharis:
see Eleocharis |
|
|
|
|
|
Helianthella
sp. |
|
S |
|
as
Heliopsis |
|
|
|
D |
|
|
|
Helianthemum
sp. |
Rock
Rose |
S |
|
species |
|
|
|
SC |
summer, early fall |
heel,
after flw |
|
|
|
D |
spring |
may
be difficult |
|
H.
nummularium |
Sunrose |
SC |
|
softwood
- young shoots in spring |
|
Helianthus
sp. |
Sunflower |
S |
|
|
|
|
|
SC |
|
basal,
soft growth best |
|
|
|
D |
|
after
flw |
|
Helichrysum
sp. |
Everlasting |
S |
|
prefers
sandy soil |
|
|
|
D |
|
some
sp. |
|
|
|
SC |
|
semi-ripe
tips, woody sp. |
|
Heliconia
sp. |
|
D |
|
of
rhizomes |
|
|
|
TC |
|
from
rhizome buds |
|
Helictotrichon
sp. |
Oat
Grass |
D |
spring |
|
|
|
|
S |
|
cold
to germinate |
|
H.
sempervirens |
|
S |
|
sow
fresh |
|
Heliohebe
hulkeana |
|
SC |
late summer |
heel,
semi-ripe |
|
|
|
S |
|
seedlings
variable, 3-4 years to flower |
|
Heliopsis
helianthoides |
Oxeye
Daisy |
S |
|
reliably
true |
|
|
|
SC |
spring |
prior
to budding |
|
|
|
D |
spring, fall |
|
|
Heliosperma:
see Silene |
|
|
|
|
|
Helipterum
sp. |
Everlastings |
S |
|
as
Helichrysum |
|
Helleborus
sp. |
Hellebore |
D |
|
of
crown; roots and leaves poisonous |
|
|
|
D |
spring |
of
roots, not H. foetidus, difficult |
|
|
|
S |
|
sow
fresh, flw 2-3 years |
|
|
|
SC |
|
young
vegetative shoots |
|
Heychium
sp. |
Ginger
Lily |
D |
|
of
rhizome |
|
Helonias
bullata |
Swamp
Pink |
S |
|
sow
fresh |
|
|
|
D |
|
tubercles,
after flw, usual method |
|
Heloniopsis
orientalis |
|
S |
spring |
or
ripe |
|
|
|
D |
|
after
flw |
|
Hemerocallis
sp. |
Daylily |
D |
|
rooted
sections with 3 offshoots each |
|
|
|
D |
spring - fall |
mature
plants, cut back leaves to 6" |
|
|
|
TC |
|
flower
petals and sepals as explants |
|
|
|
S |
|
breeding |
|
Hepatica
sp. |
Liverleaf |
S |
early summer |
may
take 1-2 years to germ. |
|
|
|
S |
|
sow
outside |
|
|
|
D |
early spring |
before
growth |
|
|
|
D |
spring, fall |
older
clumps, doubles |
|
Heracleum
sp. |
Hogweed |
S |
|
ripe |
|
|
|
D |
|
rootstock,
toxic sap |
|
Herniaria
sp. |
Rupturewort |
D |
spring |
short-lived |
|
|
|
SC |
|
bottom
heat |
|
|
|
S |
|
short-lived |
|
Hertia:
see Othonna |
|
|
|
|
|
Hesperaloe
sp. |
|
S |
|
as
Nolina |
|
|
|
D |
spring |
offsets |
|
Hesperis
sp. |
Rocket |
S |
spring, fall |
usual
method |
|
|
|
SC |
spring |
double
forms, basal |
|
|
|
D |
fall |
when
dormant |
|
Hesperochiron
sp. |
|
S |
|
as
Romanzoffia |
|
Heterotheca
sp. |
Golden
Aster |
D |
|
|
|
|
|
S |
|
self
sows but invasive |
|
Heuchera
sp. |
Coral
Bells |
D |
|
dormant
crowns |
|
|
|
D |
spring, early fall |
single
divisions of clumps |
|
|
|
TC |
|
stem
explants |
|
|
|
S |
spring |
not
cvs |
|
|
|
LC |
|
|
|
|
|
SC |
|
avoid
heat |
|
x
Heucherella sp. |
|
D, SC, LC |
|
|
|
Hexastylis:
see Asarum |
|
|
|
|
|
Hibanobambusa
tranquillans |
Bamboo |
D |
|
|
|
Hibiscus
sp. |
Mallow |
D |
fall, spring |
fall
easier |
|
|
|
L |
summer |
|
|
|
|
SC |
spring, early summer |
shrubby
sp., bottom heat |
|
|
|
S |
spring |
|
|
|
|
TC |
|
|
|
Hieracium
sp. |
Hawkweed |
S |
|
not
H. x rubrum |
|
|
|
D |
|
also
runners |
|
Himalayacalamus
hookerianus |
|
D |
|
|
|
Hippeastrum
sp. |
Amaryllis |
D |
|
of
bulb offsets |
|
|
|
S |
|
take
2-4 years to flower |
|
|
|
TC |
|
twin
scaling |
|
Hippocrepis
comosa |
Horseshoe
Vetch |
S |
spring, fall |
transplant
early, may self sow |
|
|
|
D |
|
|
|
|
|
SC |
|
non-flw
stems |
|
Hippolytia
(Tanacetum) herderi |
|
S |
|
|
|
|
|
SC |
summer |
softwood,
with heel, alpines |
|
Hippuris
vulgaris |
Mare's
Tail |
SC |
|
|
|
Holcus
sp. |
|
D |
spring |
|
|
|
|
S |
|
species |
|
Homogyne
sp. |
|
S |
|
ripe,
fresh |
|
|
|
D |
|
|
|
Hoorebekia:
see Grindelia |
|
|
|
|
|
Hordeum
sp. |
Barley |
S |
|
|
|
Horkelia
sp. |
|
S |
|
|
|
Horminum
pyrenaicum |
Dragon
Mouth |
S |
|
self-sows,
preferred method |
|
|
|
D |
spring, fall |
|
|
Hosta
sp. |
Plaintain
Lily, Funkia |
D |
spring, early summer |
most
common, single eye |
|
|
|
TC |
|
|
|
|
|
S |
|
breeding,
not true, species |
|
Hottonia
sp. |
Water
Violet |
S |
|
keep
wet |
|
|
|
D |
|
|
|
|
|
SC |
|
in
water or mud |
|
Houstonia
(Hedyotis) sp. |
Bluet |
S |
spring |
see
Galax |
|
|
|
D |
spring, fall |
|
|
Houttuynia
cordata |
|
D |
spring |
|
|
|
|
SC |
spring, summer |
|
|
|
|
S |
|
|
|
Hoya
sp. |
Wax
Flower |
SC |
|
use
bottom heat, single node |
|
Hugueninia
tanacetifolia |
Tansy-Leaved
Rocket |
S |
|
|
|
Hulsea
sp. |
|
S |
|
|
|
|
|
D |
|
as
Andryala |
|
Humulus
sp. |
Hops |
D |
early spring |
|
|
|
|
S |
fall |
not
for cultivars |
|
|
|
RC |
|
sucker
shoots |
|
|
|
SC |
spring |
semi-soft |
|
Hutchinsia
(Pritzelago, Thlaspi) alpina |
|
S |
spring, fall |
sow
fresh or stratify |
|
|
|
D |
spring |
base
cuttings |
|
|
|
SC |
summer |
soft |
|
Hyacinthella
sp. |
|
S |
|
sow
fresh |
|
|
|
D |
|
offsets
after flw |
|
Hyacinthoides
sp. |
Wood
Hyacinth |
S |
spring |
or
when ripe |
|
|
|
D |
|
bulblets |
|
Hyacinthus
orientalis |
Hyacinth |
TC |
|
bulb,
leaf, infloresence, or stem as explants |
|
|
|
S |
|
may
take 6 years to flower |
|
|
|
D |
fall |
bulbils
from "scoring" bulbs |
|
Hydrastis
canadensis |
Golden
Seal |
D |
fall |
rhizome,
after foliage dies |
|
|
|
S |
|
sow
ripe, slow |
|
Hydrocharis
sp. |
Frogbit |
S |
|
keep
wet |
|
|
|
D |
winter |
buds
on pond bottom |
|
Hydrocotyle
sp. |
Pennywort |
D |
|
rooted
stems |
|
|
|
S |
|
|
|
Hydrophyllum
sp. |
Waterleaf |
S |
|
|
|
|
|
D |
spring, fall |
|
|
Hylomecon
japonica |
|
D |
spring |
as
Chelidonium |
|
|
|
S |
|
|
|
Hylotelephium:
see Sedum |
|
|
|
|
|
Hymenocallis
sp. |
Spider
Lily |
TC |
|
|
|
|
|
D |
|
offsets |
|
|
|
S |
|
|
|
Hymenoxys
sp. |
Alpine
Sunflower |
S |
|
|
|
|
|
D |
|
some
sp. |
|
Hyoscyamus
sp. |
Henbane |
S |
summer |
old
seed erratic germ, self sows |
|
Hypericum
sp. |
St.
John's Wort |
D |
|
of
crown |
|
|
|
S |
spring |
see
Alcea, sow fresh |
|
|
|
SC |
summer, fall |
basal
softwood, terminal fall |
|
|
|
D |
spring |
layers |
|
Hypochaeris
sp. |
Cat's
Ear |
S |
|
as
Arnica |
|
Hypolepis
sp. |
|
S |
|
spores
self sow |
|
|
|
D |
|
defoliate
before rooting |
|
Hypoxis
sp. |
Star
Grass |
S |
|
|
|
|
|
D |
summer |
just
after flw |
|
|
|
D |
fall |
short
runners |
|
Hyppolytia:
see Hippolytia |
|
|
|
|
|
Hypsela
sp. |
|
D |
spring |
|
|
Hyssopus
officinalis |
Hyssop |
S |
|
|
|
|
|
SC |
early summer |
softwood |
|
Hystix
patula |
Bottle
Brush Grass |
D |
spring |
|
|
|
|
S |
|
|
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